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The Journal of School Nursing
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Feature Article

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Educational Cultural Model

Jane Lundholm-Brown, RN

Jane Lundholm-Brown, RN, has been a registered nurse for more than 30 years and is currently the school nurse in an alternative middle school in Virginia Beach, VA.

Mary E. Dildy, RN

Mary E. Dildy, RN, has been a registered nurse for 24 years. She is currently the school nurse at a large middle school in Virginia Beach, VA, and is also a first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructor. Mary was honored as the Virginia School Nurse of the Year for 2000–2001.

This article gives a brief history and background of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in childhood. A review of the medical model, including the diagnostic criteria and recommended protocols for treatment, is presented. An educational cultural model based on a holistic approach in assessing causes of hyperactivity and inattention is described. The Educational Cultural Model (ECM) synthesizes the effects of significant extrinsic factors in the life of the child, such as family dynamics, societal influences, and the educational system, and intrinsic factors, such as individual temperament, energy levels, learning style, giftedness, and personal interests. In addition to the primary purpose of comparing the medical model of ADHD to the conceptual ECM, this article is designed to stimulate thinking about different ways to view ADHD.

Key Words: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder • hyperactivity • impulsivity • inattention • temperament

The Journal of School Nursing, Vol. 17, No. 6, 307-315 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/10598405010170060501
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