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The Journal of School Nursing
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Research Article

Changes in Medications Administered in Schools

Ann Marie McCarthy, RN, PhD, FAAN

Ann Marie McCarthy, RN, PhD, FAAN, is a professor in the College of Nursing at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

Michael W. Kelly, PharmD, MS

Michael W. Kelly, PharmD, MS, is an associate professor (clinical) in the College of Pharmacy at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

Shella Johnson, PharmD

Shella Johnson, PharmD, is a staff pharmacist at the VA Medical Center in Iowa City, IA

Jaclyn Roman, RN, BSN

Jaclyn Roman, RN, BSN, is with the College of Nursing at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

M. Bridget Zimmerman, PhD

M. Bridget Zimmerman, PhD, is an associate professor with the College of Public Health at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

The purpose of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to determine if there have been changes in the type and number of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) medications administered in schools since the introduction of long-acting stimulants. A survey was sent to 1,000 school nurses randomly selected from the National Association of School Nurses membership, with 339 returned (34%). Between 2000 and 2003 the proportion of students receiving any prescription medication (2.9/100 vs. 1.0/100), methylphenidate (1.2 vs. 0.2), or amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (0.3/100 vs. 0.1/100) was significantly reduced (p < .0001). High school students took fewer prescription (p < .0001) and AD/HD medications (p < .0001), but more nonprescription medications than other students. A total of 163 different prescription medications and 28 nonprescription medications were administered during the typical school day. This study suggests that the use of long-acting stimulants has significantly reduced the number of prescription medications administered in schools. This reduction has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the range of medications administered, making the medication administration process in schools more complex, not less.

Key Words: AD • HD • children • medications • school • school nurses

The Journal of School Nursing, Vol. 22, No. 2, 102-107 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/105984050602200207
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